Where Venezuela's barrels come from, who owns them, who moves them, and where they go
A working reference on Venezuela's oil sector built from public and official sources. Every figure links to its source. Green badges are confirmed in 2026; amber ones are long-standing structure still to re-verify.
Exports by destination, 2026
Crude and fuel loadings in thousand barrels per day. The hatched part is volume whose destination was not reported. Rings mark OPEC's production estimate; squares mark Venezuela's own figure (both from OPEC's monthly report).
Crude production
Two official measures. OPEC's own estimate from secondary sources, and the figure Venezuela reports to OPEC directly. The gap between them is a running indicator of how far official claims run ahead of independent estimates.
| Month | OPEC estimate | Venezuela's figure | Gap | Report |
|---|
US imports of Venezuelan crude, 2019–2026
Monthly, thousand barrels per day. Imports stopped in mid-2019 when the US sanctioned PDVSA, restarted under Chevron's license in 2023, collapsed in mid-2025 and recovered after January 2026.
Weekly arrivals, 2026
The fastest official read. Weekly figures are preliminary and swing with individual cargoes.
Who buys it in the US
Crude oil imported from Venezuela by importing company, thousand barrels per day, January–July 2026.
Who reports importing Venezuelan crude
Monthly imports of crude oil (HS 2709) with Venezuela as origin, as reported by each importing country. Volumes converted to kb/d at 6.5 barrels per tonne; price is customs value per barrel. China does not report Venezuela as an origin, so its purchases do not appear here.
Spain's imports of Venezuelan crude
US exports to Venezuela (mostly diluent)
Crude oil and petroleum products shipped from the US to Venezuela, thousand barrels per day. Mostly naphtha used to thin extra-heavy crude, allowed under OFAC GL 47.
India, and the US snapshot first reported
Who moves the oil
Each stage of the chain with the companies publicly named as doing the work, what the evidence shows, and what is not public yet.
Cargoes identified in public reporting
| Date | Vessel | Class · flag | Seller / charterer | Cargo | Route |
|---|
Most 2026 cargoes are not named publicly; see Sources & gaps.
Sanctioned tankers linked to Venezuela
Vessels on the US Treasury's Specially Designated Nationals list under Venezuela-related programs, refreshed daily. Use the IMO number to look up current owner and position.
Fields and owners
Joint ventures, production-sharing contracts and state-run assets. Click a row to see it on the map.
| Asset | Area | Ownership | Operator | Status |
|---|
Licenses that govern the trade
US sanctions on PDVSA remain in place; trade runs through general licenses. Current versions as listed by OFAC on 3 October 2026. Licenses are amended often, so the letter suffix matters.
| License | Current version dated | Covers | What it allows | First issued |
|---|
Latest changes
| Date | Action |
|---|
Every Venezuela general license
The full list as currently posted by OFAC. Oil, gas and PDVSA-related licenses are highlighted.
Data feeds
Official sources collected automatically every day by the atlas's collectors on GitHub. "Latest" is the newest period each source has published.
| Feed | Publisher | Latest period | Last checked | Status |
|---|
Official data register
Government and agency datasets that feed this atlas. "In atlas" means figures from it are already loaded.
| Dataset | Publisher | Cadence | What it adds | Access | Status |
|---|
Gaps register
What is not public today, why, and the most direct way to close it.
| Missing | Why | How to close it |
|---|
Citations
Short codes match the src fields in the data files.